THB PERKINS JOURNAL
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II I
Collier Trophy Presented to Aircraft Head
President Roosevelt presents the Robert J. Collier trophy in avia-
tion for 1936 to Donald W. Douglas, head of the Douglas Aircraft com-
pany of Los Angeles. The trophy is shown on the President's desk.
President Roosevelt (seated) is congratulating Mr. Douglas. Charles
F. Homer, president of the National Aeronautic association, is seen
at left.
Carillons Torn by.World
War Are B Rebuilt
Melodies Heard Again Over
Homes in Belgium.
Washington.--Melodies ring out
again over rebuilt homes i Dix-
mude, Belgium. A new carillon
recently installed there replaces
one destroyed along with practical-
ly the entire town, during severe
fighting in the World war.
"Made of copper and tin. cart-
lens have more than once been
seized in war times and melted
.down into cannon," says the Na-
tional Geographic society.
"Belgian carillons destroyed or
crried away during the last war
include those at Ypres, Louvain,
• Dinant Nieuport, Ostende, Roul.ers
and Thourout, while France tos
those at St. Quentin and Arras.
Many of these have been recon-
structed, notably the splendid ones
at Ypres and Louvain, for once
accustomed to a carillon's lively
music, no tOWL in Europe would
willingly be without it.
Built Huge Towers
"Carillons originated in Belgium,
the Netherlands, and northeastern
France. in lowlands stretching in-
land from the North sea. towns
built towers that soared above the
surrounding plains. From them
sentinels could watch for invaders
REPRESENTS LEAGUE
:: := : : = :
Sean Lester is the League high
commissioner in the free city of
Danzig, the important seaport area
(754 square miles), which was
chipped from Germany bY the Ver-
sailles • treaty, ,His removal has
been dernancedlbY Dr. Arthur Karl
Greiser.president :of ;¢,A, " - the Nazi-con-
trolled Danzig senate. The: popu-
lati0n o$,'ihe free city is 95 per cent
Getmafi nd the area remasa
dipl0matic Sorespot. .,
or breaking dikes. At the begin-
ning of the WOrld war a telephone
connected the carillon tower of Brf-
elle, HMland, with coast defenses.
,,As:huge clocks were added to
these towers in the Fifteenth cen-
tury a large bell was struck to an-
nounce, the hour. Later. small
bells were rung to call attention
tO the striking. At their merry
chiming, townsfolk swarmmg like
ants in. the arketplace far below,
would pause and listen for the sol-
emm bdoming they kneW would fol-
l,. '
. 'The small,, b1!a usually hum:
berecl fOUr. Cities began to rivm
each other in adding m0e and bet-
ter bes untO| "brief melod':es could
be played. In the Seventeenth cen-
tury the present form of carillon
was reached, consisting of a num-
ber of bells attuned to the intervals
of the chromatic scale, usually cov-
ering a range of four octaves. The
bells ranging in weight from a few
pounds to several tons. are hung in
tiers one above another. .Unlike
bells which are rung by ropes and
swing freely, carillon bells are usu-
ally hung 'fixed,' being bolted to a
framework of steel, or wood add
iron.
"Carillons are played either auto-
matically or by a carillonneur. The
few clear notes that sprinkle down
from a carillon at the hour, half
hour, and quarter hour, are usually
played automatically by a clock-
work mechanism something like a
gigantic music box. Hundreds of
pegs set in a huge revolving cylin-
der trip levers which in turn pull
wires that make hammers strike
the bells. "Lange Jan" in Middel-
burg, Holland, is one of the busiest
of this type, playing a few notes
every seven and a half minutes.
Plays Like an Organ.
"When keys and pedal keys con-
trolling the bells are gathered to-
gether in a keyboard, they form
Ancient Burial Customs
of French Protestants
Pelters, France. -- Like India's
towers of silence, where the Par-
ses place their dead before they
are removed to their ultimate buri-
al place, so have the farming dis-
tricts around Poitou and Saintonge
in central France a strange burial
custom.
The attention of a traveler in
these regions is attracted by the
clumps of four cyprus trees set out
in a square some twenty-five to
thirty feet apart which dot the
landscape.
Few know that here are the pri-
vate family cemeteries of the
French Protestant farmers. The
districts of Poitou anti Saintonge
always have been the strongholds
of Protestantism in France and
ever since the days of Catholic
persecution the Protestants have
buried their dead on their farms.
The people of Poitou are affable
and readily permit strangers to
pass through the farms to little
family cemeteries which usually
are situated some fifty yards be-
hind the house. A space ab ut the
size of a large room, enclosed with-
in a thick hedge, a cyprus tree at
each corner, is the last resting
place of those who have laborer/ on
the farm.
On passing the hedgt, the travel-
er finds half a dozen humble
graves, a wooden cross here and
there. Tombstones are rare. The
cemeteries never grow in size, for
the newest grave is dug in the dust
of the oldest.
WAR VETS' QUEEN
Shapeliness and charm were the
two principal attributes which won
part of an instrument which a car- the title of "Miss American Le-
illonneur plays like an organist, us- glen" for Betty Fulkerson of San
ing both hands and feet. So stren- Diego, (shown above) when war
uous is the art that many carillon- veterans recently gathered at the
neurs play in track uits and san- California-Pacific International ex-
dals and protect their hands with position. She will be an honored
leather pads. guest of the Legionnaires during the
"In the Low Countries, carillon state convention in Hollywood in
concerts are frequently given on August. She is shown holding the
market days, Sundays, holidays trophy she won.
and certain evenings in summer.
On warm nights one is apt to find
traffic in cities diverted wile thou-
sands congregate :in a public churches and public buildings.
square, watching a glowing window Since the World war they have also
far up in a tower. From i an un- been chosen for soldiers' memori-
seen player floods the air with mu- als. Between 1924 and 1933 the
sic. The vantage point from which United States installed over 30 car-
to enjoy a carillon concert to its illons and Canada over half a doz-
fullest is a quiet place about 500 en. Noted carillons in the United
feet away. " States include those of the River-
"Carillon towers are a delight to side church in New York City, the
the eye as well as the ear, many University of Chicago, and the. Bok
of them being of matcb!ess archi- Singing Tower in Florida.
tectural beauty, 200 to 300 feet "St. Rombold's in Malines, Bel-
high. At Amersfoort, Holland, glum, is the finest of the ancient
stands one popularly called 'The carillons. At Malines also is lo-
Mother and Child' because of a lit- cared the famous School of Caril-
tle spire springing from the main Ion Instruction which has trained
tower as if carried in arms many of the world's master caril.
"Carillons have lon adorned lonneurs.'
German Fichl Battery Roars Into Action
In recent military maneuvers near Potsdam, Germany, new field
artillery units of the, Reich's y were tested out.
Lovely Liv
t
A Portion of Algers (Algiers) Spacious Harbor.
I'epar_ed bytleNatlonal Geographic. SocietY, collared gentlemen in red feze
wasnmgon. D. C.--WNU er-ce. play" stran-eg instruments -- a b '
ANY visitors to North guitar, a large drum called a t
Africa begin their exPlO-iboui , a !ortg q, the derbrouka
ration of the Dark:. i simila:"to,: an.::to-tom:
tinent at Alger (Algiers), I ghaita, a sort, Of flageolet shape_
and remember it as one of thelike a doctor $ stethoscoh[; andS"
loveliest ports in the world. Its perhaps a tambourine -- th. whil
dazzling white buildinga clinch a they sing in nasal.:,:.,.-,:,,,
terraced hillside above an amredi- To the poor native the care •
bly blue, crescent-shaped bay. Be. club; a hels::::,-4im
hind the hills blossoms the narrow his crust of bread, his o
fertile plain of the Mitidja, above onions, to eat there;:h "e v
which tower the mighty snow-clad its benches ,0r om the pavemen
Arias mountains, against its wall; andonce or twic
Alger, th, White Cityl Only a a day he spends two cent i
I/tile over a century ago it was the for a cup of coffee.
lair of cruel sea wolves, the blood- • From the market place lead nat
thirsty Algerian pirates who cap- row streets and, as in such easten
lured and enslaved Europeans and cities as Cairo, Tunis, Delhi;
even Americans. Tansy it is a Canton, each is lined with shop
beautiful modern French city with "devoted to one trade. Down lid
many Europeans among its thou- one are the tailors: In te squar
sands of inhabitants, holes devoid of counters, tables, c
' Alger is kept in constant touch chairs, white-burnoosed, bearde
with France by submarine cables, men resembling Biblical patriarcl:
by regular postal and passenger air squat on the fl0br fii
• ervice, and by daily steamers to furiously
French ports. Railroads connect Workers in Brass
R with points in Morocco and Tu. In the next street brass worker
nisia, hammer at bright pots and
Not only is Alger an important water vessels, denting patterns
French naval station, but it is the to them with sharp-pointed Instru
largest city in Algeria. From it
ments struck wi mallets.) Tin
is shipped much of the country's smiths display plies of saucepan
produce. Its waterfront is lined and coffeepots. In the tiny shops
w i t h merchants' warehouses, of the next crooked lane cobblers
wharves piled high with merchan- stitch rapidly a the native's easy
dise, and docks beside which lie red-leather slippers, or work beau
large steamers, tffu] designs with g01d and silver
Alger's European sectio has threaded and spangles on dainty
well - built streets along which shoes for women.
electric trams and automobiles Here Is breakIt'
rush past theatres, hotels and at- character of the shops. Outside
tractive shops. Strolling along this one a small crowd eagerly
broad sidewalks sheltered by ar- watches the movements Oe youth
cades, and in cafes fronting pail- sehted before a tiled e mnning
shaded squares, one sees well- up into a pointed . A
dressed European men and modish small table stands beside him. In
French girls as well as veiled a dish he mixes a white batter,
women and stately Arabs in flow- rolling it£ pulllng.a twO.ring it
tug burnooses, with nirale finger, :then ipping
The native quarter affords many it into oil and placing-i :'in the
picturesque sights. At the corner stove. His hand dives in once or
of a market place is an Arab coffee twice to turn the morsel.
house. Outside, quattin, on the Then with tongs he draws out a
pavement or seated on benches crisp, golden puff, places it on •
against the wall, are Arabs, Ks- small square of newspaper, thrusts
byles, Negroes, men of all classes it into an eager, outstretched, palm
and ages--merchants, small SlooP- and receives a coin. The buye
keepers, clerks, laborers--convere, turns away'€onte.:hlly munching
ing volubly, playing cards, dotal- rite succulent titbit. ......
noes, draughts, or merely sit "ting . . Dazzling Whit :Msqn
rotting idly, vacantly, unconscious DaZzling whi} ' "ithe! billialt.
of those around them. No man
en earthNeopolitan lazzarone, sunshine, the" Walls : a mosque
Hindu ascetic, or Buddhist priest almost blind one by their glare.
seeking Nirvana -- is capable of But enter. You pass into dark,
such utter detachment from the cool shadows..into a silent interior,
world as the ordinary Arab. bare and restS. Through the past
centuries bearded Moslems with
They Love Coffe the blood of the unbelievers red on
A few of those gathered in front their hands have gathered here to
of the care hold tiny cups of coffee bow down toward Mecca and beg
in their hands, taste it, drink it Allah's aid in fresh erimes Yet
slowly, savoring every precious they thought them meritotiotm
drop of the pennyworth of fr$,grant deeds, by the truth of the Moat
dark fluid. Inside, at the tiled, High! And every Friday the
waist-high fireplace, the cook dips faithful come here stll, and wh0
a sntU, long-handled measura into shah sy that none Of 'them mutter
the steaming copper pot resting on curses in the/r beards upon the
a handful of red embers and fills Christian dogs that rule them?
the cups for the bare-armed at- The crowding houses of the city
tendant to take to customers seated end. Across the road 'is a ,carped
on benches or huddled on mats in hitlde, with grass, gardens, and
the interior of the establishment, txees. / a small open space n-
The walls are scrawled with tire barbers shave the scalps of
crude drawings of mosq, palm clients or squat beside their cha/r
trees, tigers and elephants--these waiting for trade, while their tools
last by an artist who had evidently -- razors, scissors, clippers, air-
never seen either animal -- or tars -- are laid out ready on the
ehromo of French presidents and ground.
European royalties. This open-air toilet aloo, is a
A gray-haired, wild-looking man strange Ight for the tourist, ut
in rags, hung round with the skins does not gain a look from the pas
small animals, strums a one- sengers in the electric tran pass-
tringed guitar made from the shall ing within .a few yardS of itr •
Of a tortoise. He enters the cafe Suddenly one comes upon tombs
and, half shambling, half dancing, and the ground falls sharpl. away.
holding out a hand fat money, wan- The eye ranges over th deep val-
ders among the customers. As he ley of Babel-Oust, W/t : gardens
moves he sings in a high-pitched, and houses, to thebrightet-eu scars
nasal voice, and the contrast be- of quarries and,Oli/ in the green
l tween the eastern love song and, hillside opposite, crowned with the
its ranger is strikhg. • domes of the famous church og
In better estabUshment eAtuated[ Notre Dame d'Ariqu. It facU
Bearer the French quarter and pat- | across the Mediterranean to its s/
[flnds a superior orchestra, tthe t
[Three or ur black-coated, white-| Marseille.
